W. Anthony Marsh 10 Webster Ave. Apt. 1-2 Somerville, MA 02143 April 23, 1992 A comparison of the movements of the JFK limousine occupants as seen in Zapruder frames 312 through 321 (RB Cutler copies from X - 79). All measurements start from the front edge of the black reference line drawn through the window knob. Notice that the distance to the rollbar is not constant. This could be due to or a combination of various factors, such as variations in copying each frame, changes in perspective, mismeasurements, or blurring. In fact, some frames are too blurred to allow measurement. Each measurement of Nellie Connally's position is to the front edge of her hair. Each measurement of John Connally's position is to the front edge of his forehead. Each measurement of Jackie Kennedy's position is to the front edge of her pillbox hat. Each measurement of JFK's position is to the edge of his hair at the rear of his head. All measurements were lined up against the chrome strip in the background for better contrast. Be sure to remember that increasing measurements for the Connallys represent forward motion, while increasing measurements for the Kennedys represent rearward motion. All occupants of the limousine were moving forward at the time of Z312, due to Greer, the driver, having jammed on the brakes. JFK's head started moving rearward after Z313 in reaction to a shot from the front. Z-frame rollbar Nellie Connally Jackie JFK ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ x/60" Z312 136 106 77 44 159 ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ difference 9 forward 5 forward 10 forward 6 forward 7 ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ Z313 145 111 87 38 152 ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ difference 2 forward 2 forward 1 rearward 1 forward 1 ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ Z314 147 113 88 39 151 ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ difference 4 0 forward 4 forward 6 rearward 6 ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ Z315 151 113 92 33 157 ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ difference 3 forward 2 forward 1 rearward 1 rearward 9 ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ Z316 148 115 93 34 166 ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ difference 2 forward 2 forward 7 forward 4 rearward 11 ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ Z317 150 117 100 30 177 ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ difference 3 forward 5 forward 2 rearward 5 ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ Z319 153 122 NA 28 182 ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ difference 0 forward 4 forward 3 rearward 14 ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ Z320 153 126 130 25 196 ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ difference 4 rearward 1 forward 1 ----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ Z321 157 NA NA 26 195