OSWALD and the FBI
Harold Feldman
The Nation, 27 January 1964, pages 86–89
Harold Feldman is a translator and journalist, living in Philadelphia. As a translator, he has worked extensively for the Social Security Administration. Mr. Feldman is also a frequent contributor to psychoanalytic journals, one of his papers having been “The Hero As Assassin.”
The Warren Commission should, if possible, tell us how
President Kennedy was killed, who killed him, and why. But beyond that, it must
tell us if the FBI or any other government intelligence agency was in any way
connected with the alleged assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald. At this moment, the
possibility of such associations in the young man’s life is intolerably a
subject for speculation.
On the day after the assassination, the
Dallas Chief of Police complained on television that the FBI had interviewed
Oswald about a week earlier and had failed to inform the Dallas authorities of
this fact—something the bureau would normally do after making contact with a
suspicious Red. Drew Pearson also reported this but added, “In Washington, the
FBI denied that they had interrogated Oswald recently.”
However, Michael Paine, who with his wife
helped take care of Mrs. Oswald and the two children, “claimed that FBI agents
had visited Oswald more than one time after he returned to Dallas from a trip to
Mexico City.” Oswald returned to Dallas from Mexico City on October 3, 1963.
This report is also contradicted by another:
The FBI picked up the trail again in Dallas after Oswald’s return there on Oct. 3. He was not interviewed, but agents checked twice with Mrs. Ruth Paine, who told them that Oswald had gone to work on Oct. 16 in the Texas State School Book Depository. (The New York Times, 12/10/63.)
The Minority of One (January, 1964) tells us:
William M. Kline, Chief of the U.S. Customs Bureau investigative services in Laredo, Texas, stated on November 25 that Oswald’s movements were watched at the request of “a federal agency in Washington.” (New York Post, November 25.) Eugene Pugh, U.S. agent in charge of the Customs office on the American side of the bridge at Laredo, Texas, said that Oswald had been checked by American immigration officials on entering and leaving Mexico. Mr. Pugh admitted to the New York Herald Tribune that this was “not the usual” procedure. He said Americans were not required to check in with Immigration when crossing the border, “but U.S. immigration has a folder on Oswald’s trip.”
One thing is clear: the FBI was in fairly constant touch with Oswald’s activities. How far these contacts went is indicted in “the revelation that the Federal Bureau of Investigation tried to recruit Oswald as an undercover informant in Castro groups two months before Mr. Kennedy’s death.” This report, which appeared in a Philadelphia Inquirer dispatch from Dallas December 8, went on:
The FBI
attempt to recruit Oswald as an informant, an informed law enforcement source
said, was made in September, just after he had moved to Dallas from New Orleans.
Oswald’s mother said an “agent named Hosty” came to
the Irving house and talked to the young man at length in his car.
An FBI agent named Joseph Hosty handles investigations of
subversives for the Dallas field office.
The source said he did not know if the FBI succeeded in
hiring Oswald; and the federal agency would not discuss the matter.
On January 1, Lonnies Hudkins of the Houston Post, published a
story under the headline: “Oswald Rumored as Informant for U.S.” Hudkins
found that Oswald did know agent Hosty. He had Hosty’s home phone, office
phone and car license number—this on the authority of William Alexander,
assistant to Henry Wade, Dallas District Attorney. Alexander had attended the
grilling of Oswald on November 22 and 23. Hudkins notes that if the FBI had
Oswald under surveillance, the watch could not have been too close or they would
have known about the rifle and other matters; but, as a sheriff deputy put it,
“you just wouldn’t think to check out one of your own stoolies.” Hudkins
quotes Wade, himself a former FBI agent, as saying” “It may be true, but I
don’t think it will ever be made public if it is.”
What the public hears of the FBI’s part
in the Oswald case is usually a report that such and such a witness or authority
has been asked, or ordered, to keep his mouth shut. Thus, Dr. J. J. Humes of the
Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Md., the man who conducted the autopsy on the
President, seemed to be the best authority on the exact angle of entry of the
murder bullets, but “Dr. Humes said he had been forbidden to talk.” A
thirty-four-year-old machinist named Malcolm Howard Price said he had looked
through the telescopic sight of Oswald’s rifle on a rifle range in suburban
Dallas—but “Mr. Price declined to answer further questions because, he said,
the FBI had asked him not to talk. The FBI here [Dallas] denied this.” (The
New York Times, December 10.) On December 6, the Times had observed:
Most private citizens who had cooperated with newsmen reporting the crime have refused to give further help after being interviewed by agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Dallas city and county police withdrew their help the same way. One high officer said he wished he could answer questions “because it would save us a lot of work.”
The Western Union office in Dallas handled frequent messages for Lee Oswald, but inquiries there brought the reply that “any details or comment would have to come from Washington headquarters of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
It is in the light of this official coyness that we must consider the
possible connection of Oswald with the attempted shooting of General Walker.
Oswald’s widow is said to have declared that he boasted of shooting at that
doughty warrior. In view of her prolonged seclusion from the public, and even
from relatives, under government supervision, we must infer that any statement
alleged to be hers at this time is a deliberate “leak.” It is interesting
that a similar “leak” at the beginning of the case—that a rifle which Mrs.
Oswald knew her husband had kept in a garage was missing on the morning of the
assassination—proved to be false. The FBI is also reported to have found a
document in Oswald’s handwriting that mentions his attack on Walker, but once
again the document has not been produced for examination or reproduced in the
press.
Incidentally, if “the loner” did try
to shoot General Walker, we would be again confronted with questions like those
raised about the killing of the President. “At the time of the Walker
shooting,” we read in the Philadelphia Inquirer of December 7,
“Dallas police reported that the bullet was from a .30-06 caliber rifle. The
weapon used to kill Mr. Kennedy was a 6.5 millimeter weapon, equivalent to about
.270 caliber.” Moreover, an eyewitness in the walker affair informed police
that he saw at least two men enter the getaway car after the shooting. (Oswald
never learned to drive a car.)
Was the alleged assassin of President
Kennedy employed by the FBI? We have seen a news report that the agency tried to
recruit him and that it has refused to say whether he accepted the offer. At
present, all we know is that his history, as we have been able to piece it
together, is not inconsistent with such employment. Indeed, his financial
record seems entirely inexplainable unless we make some such hypothesis.
If there is anything constant in Oswald’s life, it is his need of
money. After three years on a marine private’s pay, he goes to Russia. There
he works in a factory for the pittance of 80 rubles a month. He returns to
America with a wife and child in mid-1962 and thenceforward works at a series of
jobs paying the legal minimum wage or less—when he is not unemployed. For
months his only acknowledged source of income is the Texas unemployment
compensation of $33 a week. His job at the School Book Depository, from whose
warehouse he is supposed to have shot the President and Governor Connally, paid
him $1.25 an hour.
Surely he was a pauper, a fellow whose
monetary resources could only keep him swinging between want and destitution.
But if there is another thing about Lee Oswald as certain as his indigence, it
is that he was often capable of expenditures that would have cramped the purse
of a suburban status seeker.
After years of subsisting on a marine’s
pay, from which he occasionally sent money to his mother, he undertakes a trip
to Russia with a capital of $1,600. How could he have put aside this nest egg?
After years of low factory remuneration in the Soviet, he wants to return to the
United States and, in a letter to his mother, estimates the cost at $800. He
borrows $435.71 from the United States Embassy in Moscow but, mirabile dictu,
he repays the loan between October, 1962, and January, 1962, during which time
he was unemployed for several weeks and worked for a time as an unskilled
developer of photostatic prints.
A Miss Pauline Bates, public stenographer,
whom Oswald paid for typing his notes for a book about Russia three days after
his return, has said that “he hinted he had gone to the Soviet as a U.S.
secret agent.” He allegedly told her then that “when the State Department
granted my visa, they stipulated they could not stand behind me in any way,”
an admonition suggestive of instruction, to an undercover man.
Back in America, as impecunious as ever,
he finds the money to rent an office for $30 a month, where he sets up in
business as the Fair Play for Cuba Committee. He buys a rubber stamp, he prints
2,000 leaflets, he pays a $10 court fine, he buys a rifle and telescopic sight
by mail, gets them assembled and bore-sighted—and in his room after his arrest
the police find $150. This young man, untalented, it appears, for anything but
finding odd windfalls of money, goes to Mexico City for a week to get visas for
a trip to Cuba and Russia that would have cost at least $1,000. (The Cuban and
Russian consulates did not issue the visas.) After the murder of the President,
the police find in his room, in addition to the wad of money, “several
expensive cameras and rolls of film.”
Where did the money come from? The FBI and
the Dallas police fail to supply information on the subject. For the Russian
period, we have the unsupported assertion of Pravda that Oswald was an
American spy who made numerous contacts with the American Embassy. This might
indicate a CIA affiliation. He wrote his mother that, on his return, he would
spend a day or so in New York and Washington for “sightseeing.” After that,
all is dark except for one hint. An Associated Press dispatch of November 30
from Dallas says in part:
“Someone telegraphed small amounts of money to Lee Harvey Oswald for several months before the assassination of President Kennedy, it was reported today,” the Dallas Times Herald said. The unidentified sender telegraphed Oswald $10 to $20 at a time.
Here apparently are some of the Western Union items about
which the FBI has been so secretive—but why this secrecy? If the money came
from the Communist Party, it is hard to understand why the FBI should cooperate
in a Bolshevik plot. If it came from a right-wing or Fascist source, the FBI
could not lose much by revealing it. But if the money came from a government
source, then the agency’s reticence is understandable.
Shortly before the assassination, Oswald
seemed to be expecting better times:
Mrs. Ruth Paine, the woman with whom Marina was staying, said: “He seemed in exceptionally high spirits.” [When he visited his wife the weekend prior to President Kennedy’s arrival in Dallas.] Oswald told his wife “things are looking up” and that soon they would have enough to look for an apartment, buy furniture. (Sunday Bulletin, Philadelphia, 12/15/63.)
If the FBI did not employ Oswald or work with him, they who wrote the letters he addressed to the Fair Play for Cuba Committee in New York? Oswald alone certainly didn’t. Whoever wrote the letters to New York was coherent, commanded a good vocabulary, rarely misspelled a word, and punctuated decently. Oswald himself wrote English that a sixth-grader would blush to acknowledge. Here is a letter he wrote to his mother from Russia on June 28, 1963. I preserve the original spelling and punctuation:
Dear
Mother.
Recived your letter today in which you say you wish to pay
me back the money you used last year, that, of course, is not nessicary however
you can send me somethings from there every now and than.
If you decide to send a package please send the following:
One can Rise shaving cream (one razor (Gillet)
Pocket novels westerns and scienace fiction—Time or
Newsweek magazine
Chewing Gum and chocolate bars.
That’s about all. Ha-ha
I very much miss sometime to read you should try and get me
the pocket novel “1984” by Wells.
I am working at the local Radio plant as a mettal worker. We
live only five minutes from there so it is very conveinant.
Well thats about all for now. I repeat you do not have to
send me checks or money!
Love XX
Lee
P.S. Marina sends a big Hello to you also
Now compare this semi-literate effusion with the following addressed to the Fair Play for Cuba Committee about two years later. (A New York Times report on the letters to FPCC indicates that they were handwritten, so presumably no public stenographer improved their style.)
Dear Mr.
Lee:
I was glad to receive your advice concerning my try at
starting a New Orleans F.P.C.C. chapter.
I hope you won’t be too disapproving at my innovations but
I do think they are necessary for this area.
As per your advice I have taken a P.O. Box (N.O. 30061).
Against your advice I have decided to take an office from
the very beginning.
I u c [apparently meaning, as you see] from the circular I
had jumped the gun on the charter business but I don’t think it’s too
important. You may think the circular is too provocative, but I want it to
attract attention even if it’s the attention of the lunatic fringe. I had
2,000 of them run off.
The major change in tactics you can see from the small
membership blanks, in that I will charge $1 a month dues for the new Orleans
chapter only and I intend to issue N.O. F.P.C.C. membership cards also.
This is without recourse to the $5 annual F.P.C.C.
membership fee.
However, you will lose nothing in the long run because I
will forward $5 to the national F.P.C.C. for every New Orleans chapter member
who remains a dues paying member for 5 months in any year.…
And so on for several more well-integrated paragraphs.
He now spells “receive” and
“necessary” correctly. He has mastered the apostrophe. His ideas cohere. He
tackles words like “innovations,” “provocative,” “recourse,”
“disapproving,” “approaching,” and “application” with success,
something that would have been clearly beyond the powers of the voluntary exile
in Minsk.
Until the authorship of the letters to
FPCC is settled, I think it reasonable to suppose that Oswald did not compose
them, at least not without help. Who, and where, is the invisible scribe? No
associate of his New Orleans period has been found, or even hinted at. If Oswald
was employed by the FBI to operate in “Castro groups,” as the news report
suggests, it is also reasonable to suppose that in the letters to FPCC his pen
was guided by the FBI.
It is no simple matter any longer for a radical American to get a passport from his government. If he is a known Communist or subversive, it is almost impossible. Let a man be known as a do-gooder, bleeding heart or a nonconforming screwball, and his application for travel will be greeted with jaundiced eye and dragging feet. But Lee Oswald got one readily as late as June, 1963.
One day last June, he applied for a passport and—despite his record—got it in a single day. He called himself a “photographer”; he said he planned to take a long trip abroad—perhaps including Russia—late this year. (Newsweek, 12/9/63.)
By that date, Oswald was known as a Soviet defector, had praised Castro
on a radio program, and on November 2, 1959, had written an affidavit saying,
“I affirm that my allegiance is to the Soviet Socialist Republic.” But his
passport application was granted—and posthaste. “It still isn’t clear how
it was processed so rapidly,” commented the New York Herald Tribune.
Oswald’s apartment, too, was filled with
fascinating things. Besides the batches of leaflets with the legend “Hands Off
Cuba!” and bearing the unauthorized imprint of the Fair Play for Cuba
Committee, police found several metal file boxes filled with names of Castro
sympathizers. How did he manage, in so short a time, to compile so extensive a
list?
The FBI appears once more in Oswald’s
news life during the last two days before he was killed. One report details two
telephone calls made by FBI agents to the Dallas Police on November 24, warning
them of threats against Oswald’s life. The threats materialized later the same
day under circumstances which raised a forest of questions throughout the world.
Equally puzzling, his mother, Mrs.
Marguerite Oswald, has insisted that an agent of the FBI showed her a photograph
of Jack Ruby about seventeen hours before Ruby shot her son.
It was understood, however, that Federal agencies had acknowledged that she had been shown a photograph that night for identification, but spokesmen would not disclose whether it was that of Ruby. (The New York Times, 12/2/63.)
The next day the FBI denied that the photograph was that of Jack Ruby,
but they would not comment further. Mrs. Oswald repeated her statement and has
demanded that the pictures be produced again.
The following item completes, for the
moment, this side of the weird Dallas story.
Washington,
Dec. 9—The Federal Bureau of Investigation gave the Secret Service a
“risk” list of Dallas individuals in advance of President Kennedy’s fatal
trip, but the list did not include the name of Lee H. Oswald.
An official source explained today that Oswald’s name,
like many others in the Dallas file, had been omitted because the F.B.I. found
nothing in Oswald’s background to mark him as a potential assassin.…
Oswald was not under surveillance by the F.B.I. at the time
of President Kennedy’s visit to Dallas, the F.B.I. noted. Months of checking
by the F.B.I. had indicated that Oswald was neither a spy nor a saboteur. That,
it was said, covered the statutory area of F.B.I. responsibility. (The New
York Times, 12/10/63.)
Lee Oswald, the twice-court-martialed marine who defected
to Russia and renounced his American citizenship, the pro-Cuba activist who had
been arrested a few months earlier while distributing leaflets, the erratic
“Marxist” who was employed on the route of the President’s motorcade—Lee
Oswald did not qualify for the FBI’s exclusive “risk” list. And why?
Because the FBI’s “statutory responsibility” was limited to suspected
spies and saboteurs!
This sudden legalistic attachment to its
self-interpreted “statutory” obligations must cause very wan smiles indeed
among the many individuals and organizations (including the NAACP and the
Unitarian Church in Texas) which have come under the beady-eyed surveillance of
the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
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